Thursday, June 23, 2022
Torches!
Joyce Ape Bharat
The Star of Redemption
We shall know death
Not in good tim e
No time
We shall not deny death
Then
When it is no time
Good time
For the All
It is Nothing
Dialectically conditioned
Universal
And all
In a place past time
Manuscripts
More paprika and porridge of maize flour
Mamaglia and impletata
Eggplant stuffed with forcemeat
And cooked for hours
A hurried breakfast and a rushed run to the train
Had to sit in the cariage on end for hours
Dawdling through a country beautiful
Little towns and castles on top of steep hills
Like made in missals old
Rivers and streams
With wide stony margins
To tide the ancient
Flowing floods cold.
Folks all in colorful attire
From France and Germany
In short jackets and old trousers
picturesque and pretty the women
Round hatted, big belted, and white sleeved
Something fluttering with a lot of strips
High booted, bras nailed
Heavy baggy leather belted
Barbarians and mistresses of some old
Oriental band of brigands.
The Eye of the Tiger
The universe has one eye
That sees all
Seen by none
Existential Insomnia
A sleepless night
Abnormal dreams
Howling wolves
Dark moon
Darker clouds
Burning innards
I was thirsty for the strange caresses
Of the night.
Fell asleep towards the morn
As the dawn curled and crawled
And crept up
Like white smoke
And knocked cheerless
At my door.
Nabokov’s
I remember the tale
Of a twelve year old
Found naked and dead
In the woods
On the edge of the town
Let us skip the unseemly details
Let it suffice
That the little mortal
Did not die a death
Deserved by her untainted soul
Let us also add
That the predator
Did not deserve the name
Of a lion or vulture or scavenger
For Thou had hollowed his soul out
Before he could look
Towards where his destiny
Had been carved and sealed
Like his heart
With a knife of glinting steel
For the cliffs, the cliffs
The cliffs of hell
Called had him away
Unshod of her shroud
Unloved of her lust
Don’t envy the fate of my beautiful darling
Tied up like a wooded doll
To her weeping cot
Raped against the wall.
Other loins purloined
The due of my loins my darling.
Orphans’ Mahabharata
The world without end
Traversed Thee
In steps thrice.
The two little sisters
Aborned of the orphaned
Widowed mother
Remembered
The pretty little doll’s house
With its small bright lamp.
Arjuna the archer great
Lost his courage
And the slippery eel vanished
Into the oceans great.
The two little sisters and Arjuna
Knew naught of each other
The two little sisters
In Nabokov’s hellish island
On time thrown away
Like husks to the wind.
Arjuna’s wounded light was salved by
But the glitter
Of the tussle
Of thy world
Blinded the two little ones.
And she
The little on e
Clutched the dirty hem
Of sister’s frock
And crawled down the craggy rocks
To
And the tussle of thy world
Glittered evermore
As the widowed mother
Beat her guts
On the rocky banks
Of the flowing
And the sisters shed salt tears
Down the tongue
Into the river
And the oceans vast
To perstruct thy exquisite pearls.
As the world without end
Thee traversed
In steps thrice.
Lovely were the tresses of mother
Of
Strangers to each other
Were Arjuna
And the sisters
And the tresses and tears
Both mingled
Into the rivers
And oceans
As the mother
With her two little daughters
Mourned by
For once the insulted tale
Lilted to the World Ears
And he looked into the river
Reddened of horror old
The gils affright
Screamed at nights.
Ha our tale,
Woe our tale,
Must not remain untold
For she our mother
Will curse our soul
If the corpse were unburied left.
The House
Subaltern Mahabharata
What is happiness but morning!
Prison break
Fanon: A critique of Gandhi or Against the principle of hope.
A nation always explodes into liberation even though the spark was lit in an ancient recess of history and the fire had to burn a long rope before reaching the threshold of detonation. Sleep does not taper off, but terminates. And then there is disturbed, restless or troubled sleep populated by tense dreams and succeeded by awakening. But always awakening, always a termination. It is the dreAMS UNDERLYING sleep THAT PREPARE THE moment of awakening. The mind of humanity is never silenced by sleep. Its dream is only dormancy. It dreams, then it alternates between sleep and dreams before snapping violently awake. The individual may enjoy spells of dreamless sleep but not the collective. History is not dreamlessness but humanity dreaming. Always dreaming. All too often nightmaring. And no collective awakening is ever gentle. A mass of men dream the fulfilment of their long repressed freudian desires and the Oedipal pain is at last destroyed like a malign tissue by
Germinal
2. Have you seen a drop of ink sliding its crooked trajectory down a rough painting-board? So is the path of man along the Earth Road. Crooked and staining the virgin whiteness of the paved marble-tiles of the Earth Road. Virgin and sinful she is. The upturned mother-whore ripe for plowing. Come stoop and kiss her and say goodbye to the marching procession of creatures on her belly and in your skull. Which one the more chimerical is a question lost in the dance of their onward nowhere march. My epiphanic goodbye to all that swirling in the waltz of homo sapien insanity and human death.
3. My step falls heavy, light, awkward or elegant, insensible of the dirt, dirt laden ground that catches it howsoever it falls. But the rambler says the ground is insensate. Blind are the limbs of the tight rope walker for she knows not how the rope is balancing her unpaused, moment by moment. So self-aware are the objects around us that they fail not in their nature. It is only human free-will that is committed in a total ignorance of itself. Free and unseeing. The world is constantly balancing our fragile movements. Then one day we stumble and become dirt to balance the same free human will. C'mon now, tell us Prophet how high is our pedestal and how close to Him are we flapping our wings?
4. I am beggared and buggered by all that happens around me. The scales over my eyes have created a prism of magic. So perfidious are our acts that fidelity itself is jealous. Waves, strings, muons, vaporous rings. All is vanity. Treacherous vanity. Can this thread be elongated? Words dancing in darkness.Catch and arrange them as they play the artful dodger in the elusive night. Impossible of comprehension. Natural order is a chimera. All is a dream sequence- life, its stories and their rambling longings. I have hit the limits of this act of thought.It was sustained by the enveloping darkness and now - adieu.
4. I am in a quandary. Trapped by an aporia. Our lies and infidelities are made possible by the mute fidellity of the universe. I play with words without gratitude and humility. For they have always been playing but in my hallucination I have dispossessed them of their playfulness. How pitiful is my poverty, disabled my dream and chimerical my life? But the invisible crutches extract their due when in a beautiful conjuring of temporal aesthetics they suddenly vanish and I fall out of existence. We are dancing in a space of aporia. Never see through an opaque object in your field. Or they will one day stop seeing through you. It all, after all, depends on the rope not snapping under the balanced weight of the tight rope walker. Be eternally and perpetually grateful for the fine balance of forces permitting your walk on hard ground. Soggy, it is awkward and slippery. Bushy, it is forbidding. Scorching, it hurts. Gapping, it swallows. But firm, it is what we stand on.
5.
The Passion of Joan of Arc
Her eyes rave within themselves as if the waves of the ocean have gone wayward and know not where to flow and swerve hither and thither. She is Joan of Arc. Her reckless eyes uplifted towards the inquisitors are lit aghast by the savage lust of evil worming its way hollow through the flesh of the Pharisees. She swore truth, nothing but the truth, on the soul of her land as one of the wretched picked and flicked a worm out of his ear hole. Oh! she hurt. The song of Joan of Arc hurt. The Pharisees conferred in the corners and the chief inquisitor leaned over to ask who she was. She said she was Joan. Jeanette they called her in the village, probably nineteen of age. Nineteen they said and smirked a cruel autocratic coterie smirk between themselves and there were orbs of ripples in her pools-of-passion eyes. And so on she went through the inquisitorial catechism. But she was still, as far as the nature of the beast caged in their voodooed court, a girl of the Lord. Joan the girl of Lord. Jeanette the Joan of Arc. And she was a witch to burn. But sometimes a speck of pity for herself and a fleck of fear flickered through those eyes as she felt in her bones the unseen net being cast around her. For you knew that secreted away in those bored aloof eyes of her captors was an obscene treachery.
They were fair and just. These inquisitors. And before burning her with a very inflammable oil they craved to fairly agonize her through the ritual of 'Prove thy fidelity to the Lord.' Their bloated cheeks were puffed with the poisonous gases of a surfeit of roasted witches. They had devil's horns and the parched striated fly-beguiling lips of the dead. To begin with they sought to confirm the roots of her religious being. So they asked as you do a child and a heretic if she knew her Lord's prayer. And she said yea. Who taught it to her? And she said her mother and then something suddenly stood still in those rippling eyes and in the lively courtroom and the ephemeral lives of her endless faces died away and for a trembling moment a pathetic perplexity stood still in those mimetic lineaments and the devil pulling at his horns too stopped and craned his neck precociously and hopelessly to sense the extraordinary befalling them. She closed her eyes rapt, her features softened, nostrils quivered, a soundless tear rolled down her cheeks and she voicelessly whispered to herself, "My mother!" The inquisitors who had sacrificed their souls and ossified their hearts at the altar of the earthly church unabated, laying their first trap, asked her for a recitation of the Lord's prayer and she like a sweet thirteen year old wrongly accused of a salty act too frightful for her frail arms to have executed artlessly wiped her cheeks with the back of her fingers and shyly shook her head as if she had been asked to reveal her virginity. The Sacred was virginal and to be sung in the inner sanctum of heart and not testified even in an inquisition unto death. Yet the Pharisees insisted and repeated their demand for Lord's prayer and threatened a witch's death if not knuckled to. But Lord's prayer was for the Lord and Joan was never, never the one to knuckle under and sing and pray to the mineral rabid throng a profane proof of pusillanimity. The tears checked themselves in the trickle and the eyes opened big and round and deep and fierce and Jeanette the vulnerable virgin withdrew within herself, within a shell hardened and fenced against the Pharisees, her face flint-like by an ardent stoniness of soul, Jeanette by Joan of Arc. But flesh to granite the fierce eyes still burned.
Notes of Intolerance
Look at the blue lady rocking the baby under a beam of smoky blue light. In a mofussil town four of these ladies decided to do something for humanity. The ladies all stood tall greedy for reform. The moneybag goodwill tyrant might pay for their altruistic love - they thought. In the pink light they waltzed to the tinkling music of silver coins. Light melodies of gaiety. They took each other's arms and danced gaily. Marvellously jolly. Light as the blue skies their peals of laughter. Firm handshakes and peacock feather fans and then the ladies danced with the gentlemen. A blue spell was cast in the ballroom. The bluebeards and witches were amiable all. Snowy cloud hair-dos and sparkling necklaces glitzed through the pinkish neon glow of the sweaty hall. Little affairs flourished in the corners of the ballroom as old ladies tasted second flushes of youth. Virgin blushes struggled through the thick rouge. The powdered faces were so fleshlike under the artificial flash. In the shadow of a black greatness a pink portion of life danced. A lower world peopled by silhouettes. A still life so spellbinding in its pretence to vivification, statuesque men and women made mockery of the lifesize triviality of the human race. Regal chairs, beautiful steps, and tall vases, the old ladies could not resist stealing glances at the unfading archness of their bosoms and the almost foolish greatness of their citadels. It was balmy in the ballroom. A stale pink breeze had stagnated there. Still there was a stale fin de siecle freshness about all the good noble people assembled.
There was a rich old lady almost Raphaelite in the sublimity of her virgin innocence. But alas! Only she could appreciate her own so savant womanliness. The willowy youths taken with each other had not a glance to spare for her. All about her young life was swirling as her tender loneliness stood trembling amidst the gaiety of birds and bees. The beaus all came one after the other to shake her hands and then left to look for unrealized sweethearts in the crowd. The gay scene receded away and away until it was a mere madding crowd dancing on a silver screen and her eyes were so alone in this theatre of a world as the dancers swayed and swirled slower and slower in very, very distant enchanted world. Then she put her hand over her mouth in an utterly sad gesture of an amply tragic heroine.
But our heroine is a young girl. Young and poor and happy. She has a father and friends, a garden and pets, and flowers and a Cinderella consciousness. So we will recount her tale now. The first tale. We see the geese and the pretty trees in her garden. They cackle and chuckle. And there comes the father out of the small cottage. Hatted for the day he is lighting his cigar when his darling child comes running after to hug and kiss him and wave a jolly pretty goodbye to dear dad. She is so pretty and gay and blooming youthful and light of heart and unseen of sorrow. Her frock is white and spotless as her sinless soul. Then when daddy is gone the immaculate maiden twirls around and runs back into her innocent virginal den. She is frolicsome and loves to watch the geese making love. Her innocent soul has a TASTE FOR THEIR UNTAINTED LOVE GAMES.
And she has a boy for her own. But she knows him not. And he is ignorant of her too. And he is an honest and hard-working lad. Fun loving too when it is an appropriate moment. Is kind and abhors the bottle which drank his father and widowed his pious mother. I see him milling around a speck in a great unwashed factory deluge. This pack-like-sardines mass of men is cruel - virulently antagonistic to youth and laughter. The boy is the child of an unlucky age.
So the vestal virgins arrived at the ball for the uplift of this benighted mass. Happily for the virgins the withered old lady and her gilded-tyrannical-patron-of-mankind brother were also at the ball. There was dancing and sumptuous food and real ancient wine.
Temptation of St Antony
Where the sand stopped, the barrenness continued still, a rocky barrenness. It was a desert country of sandy and rocky deserts, regs of rock pavements and ergs of sand seas, plateau landforms and basin deserts. And desert mountains. In one of those desert mountains lived a hermit. He lived high up in a sickle-shaped heart of seclusion in the mountain with a threadlike thatch for a floor, the seclusion configurated by a circle of dry serrated sticks to keep off intruders human and beast. He was an unmingled hermit and he brooked no intercourse. In the horizon created by the sky darkening against the curving edge of the mountain, a horizon jagged here and there by the jutting black rocks of the mountain, stood another bristling silhouette. The silhouette of the hermit's alcove made of splints and that peculiarly workable earth material which is the stuff of these desert rocks. It was severely bare and transcended austerity.
Metamorphosis
Mother
Proto-existentialism: Textual criticism of Either/Or
Greatness, knowledge, renown,
Friendship, pleasure, possessions,
All is only wind, only smoke:
To say it better, all is nothing.(1)
In this essay, we seek to grasp the existential situation by concentrating a penetrative gaze through to that originary moment in history that was the birth of this unique and defining weltanschaung. Our project hinges on our ability to unconceal and witness that moment as the birth to presence of a novel worldview. We are aware that there are no sharp-cut demarcations in history, even less so in the history of philosophy. But there is a movement akin to the throes of labour, when something new struggles to emerge from the depths of history, borne and precipitated by a crisis of the human condition. We seek to situate that proto-existential moment in the historical and genealogical context of existentialism. Our problematic is two-fold, or rather, two tiered. By locating and encountering the proto-existential mood in its embyonic purity we see existentialism with the freshness of a virgin gaze, so to speak, shod of all the cutaneous paraphernalia and historical accumulation. The perspective of this gaze is a real-world space-time one, that is to say, a conjunction of the historical and the spatial perspectives. The historical perspective unveils/envisions a temporal locus for the figural event of the conception of an epochal idea. All human discourse is made possible by being populated with such figural events; for it is these figural events that mark all the definitive signposts of historical discourse. Without such 'created events' or 'figural figments' discourse would be impossible. These events are the preconditions and constituents of discourse. It cannot, however, be our purpose here to inquire into the foundations and making of discursivity. It is sufficient unto our purpose to indicate the fact of this figural and created foundationism of discursivity, so that we can embark, with a clear conscience and directness of purpose, on the process of unraveling and teasing out the various strands that emanate from this origin and constitute the meaning and Gestalt of existentialism. The word Gestalt is of theoretical and methodological pertinence to our project. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary Gestalt is a structure, configuration, or pattern of biological, or psychological phenomena so integrated as to constitute a functional unit with properties not derivable by summation of its parts. In the present essay we will mainly scrutinize certain special psychological phenomena peculiar to the nineteenth and post nineteenth century man and extract the philosophical outlook germinating out of the thus delineated psychological state. Existentialism was seeded in the nineteenth century European mind and even though every idea has a history, each member in this history of ideas has its own singular epoch and eventuates from the dialectical interplay of historical forces. This configuration of the attributes of the concept of existentialism fits the Gestalt paradigm with the historico-psychological forces functioning as the causative agents and the newly emergent hermeneutic of the existential weltanschaung as the resultant functional unit integrated out of these same constitutive historico-psychological ingredients. These forces are inscribed as historico-psychological as the psychological states flowing out into the existential worldview are but products of historical forces, as are all psychological states. Going by the testimony of the three figures synonymous with the dawn of existentialism and attributed with having played a seminal role in its genesis, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Dostoevsky, it is more than anything, a psychological state. The epigraph to Kierkegaard's Either/Or, quoted above, is connotative of the period and its mood of nihilism, a mood whose harbinger was the new breed of men, the nihilists, prophesied so druidly by Nietzsche. For the first time man was face to face with the abyss of nothingness and unmeaningness as the new normal of the life world.
The history of the world and that of its religion and science until the advent of existentialism was the history of man's reason. History after all is the reflection of the universe in man's eyes. And universe until that moment had been reason spatio-temporalized. There was meaning to life and the world. But there came a moment in this history of man when his life and universe no longer made sense to him. Everything became a project in unmeaningness. Passions, which had been subservient to reason until then, were liberated and let loose upon the universe without a reason to regulate them. Consequent upon this reign of unreason was a high irrationalism of the universe.
Is reason then alone baptized,
are the passions pagan?
Reason was both Christian and scientific, but the passions were ostracized out of the realm. It was then discovered, out of sheer necessity, that the passions had a role, a vital role, to play in the creation, as opposed to determination, of meaning. For instance, it is intuition, rather than logical ratiocination, to aver that "the inner is the outer and the outer inner". For what is the middle term to negotiate the binaries of the inner and the outer and thus arrive at their equivalence? What infers the presence of the inner which, by definition, is imperceptible to the senses and thus creates the binary opposition of the inner and the outer? What is even the ratiocinative faculty but passions at work, as enunciated by Nietzsche, Freud, and modern psychology? Passions are not pagan and the inner is not always the outer. The outer sometimes harbors inside it somewhere a secret and that is the first instance of the asymmetry of the irrational. A lopsidedness of order that is the disorder of the aesthetic and that upsets the equivalence of things. There has always been this secret at the heart of the order of things. A secret that is the source of all the pleasure that life affords and that lends meaning to existence, despite reason.
Stream of consciousness: Swann's Way
Liberation
Dialectical materialism is a 'negative philosophy' on account of its inherently destructive tendencies. It is not negative in its teleology but in its methodology. All true philosophy must be negative in its methodological scope as its real function consists in evolving by negating its own moribund elements. But the history of European philosophy witnessed an insidious movement on the part of the dominant status-quoism in the form of something called 'positive philosophy.' It was something reactionary and knee jerk at that. It was the philosophy of the 'established fact,' "to counteract the destructive tendencies (of negative philosophy), there arose, in the decades following Hegel's death, a positive philosophy which undertook to subordinate reason to the authority of established fact.(2)" The idea of positive philosophy is a contradiction in terms. "The content of a truly philosophical work does not remain unchanged with time." What is true of a truly philosophical work is true of philosophy per se. The philosophical content is in the movement of thought.
The only philosophy deserving of its Greek etymology pertains immediately and directly to the needs and concerns of living men. The latter too do not remain unchanged with time; this impermanence of the human universe can only be addressed by a negative philosophy whose introspective critical power "uses the strength of the 'epistemic' subject to break through the deception (Trug) of constitutive subjectivity." "Under current societal conditions, thought can only have access to the non-identical via conceptual criticisms of false identification." That is why the need of the moment is a negative dialectics as the speculative identity between identity and non-identity is negated by a non-identity between identity and non-identity. This fundamental non-identity can be addressed only by a methodology of negative dialectics. It is necessary to counter, by dint of determinate negations, the sometimes inordinate and unjustified claims and conclusions of thought. But Adorno's materialism is shot through with more idealism than the idealism of most idealists. This idealism is, of course, not a metaphysical idealism, but an ethical one. The unthought of his philosophy is human suffering. This suffering is the undeniable ground of all philosophising for Adorno; somewhat akin in its indubitability to the notion of dukkha in Buddhism. But whereas Buddha, and Schopenhauer, in the wake of the Indians, launched into a negation of life itself, Adorno embarked on the project of negating the evil of suffering through the tools of critical philosophy. For Adorno, human suffering is the cardinal materialist fact and all philosophy must begin in the aftermath of this fact. The crux of his charge against materialism does not lie in the mere production of commodities but in the alienation and suffering of the producers.
The production of commodities might not in itself constitute the essence of materialism, but it definitely contains its origin. Georg Lukacs remarks that the analysis of the processes of commodity production was a necessary beginning to the Marxian enterprise of the portrayal of the capitalist society in its totality. The structure of the capitalist society is a reflection/product of the commodity structures, and not just its objective but subjective forms are comprehensible too only in terms of this materialist analysis. It is these subjective forms that concern us at the beginning of the present essay as it bears directly and immediately on the consciousness of the human beings living in such a society.
The essence of the capitalist society is the reification of the life-world. It is a space hostile to the subjective truth of a Kierkegaard; a space of 'phantom objectivity' where human relations have become reified. The cold veneer of rationality fogs the truth of an ulterior social reality. It is these social relations that form the starting point of the commodity structure, and ultimately of the whole socio-economic superstructure, and this in the last analysis results in the fetishisation of all commodities, including human beings. Lukacs demonstrates that this fetishistic character pertains not just to the objective forms of the commodities, but more profoundly, it enters into the attitude of human beings towards those commodities, other people, and the world in general. It leads to a fetishisation of the subjective stance. The modern age is characterised by an infiltraion of the inner life of man and society by the commodity structure, whereas the premodern age, despite possessing a commodity relations structure allowed the latter to manifest itself only in the shape of the external social world. It had, so to speak, not yet coloured his consciousness and become the skin of his thought. Whereas production conditions in modern times direct the social movement of humanity, that is to say, it dictates the inner movement of society.
Lukacs makes the case for a qualitative shift in the basis and character of social relations; for a world where commodity exchange has become the catalyst for social change; for a society that has commodity production as its prime mover; indeed for a world whose telos itself is its total reification. The subjective phenomena of such a society make for a most interesting study. "As a matter of fact the exchange of commodities originates not within primitive communities, but where they end, on their borders at the few points where they come in contact with other communities. That is where barter begins, and from here it strikes back into the interior of the community, decomposing it." The ruinous influence of commodity exchange on societies is the consequence of the degeneration of the inner processes and subjective phenomena of society; of the qualitative alteration and reification of man's consciousness. 'A commodity exchange directed in upon itself' becomes one vicious circle of a raison d'etre of the capitalist society and results in the alienation and dehumanisation of its members who are reduced to the state of objects in a network of commodity relations.
The qualitative difference of pre-capitalistic economies of commodity exchange from the capitalistic ones lay in the fact of this exchange being a trait of the former as opposed to being the latter's very essence, its constitutive force. Lukacs uses a telling theological metaphor to delineate the nature of this difference. It is needful "for the commodity structure to penetrate society in all its aspects and remould it in its own image" to constitute a capitalist society. "Remould in its own image." In the capitalist society, commodity makes society (and man) in its own image. The theological extent of the metaphor underlines the extent of the constitutive power of commodity in modern society. Man's relation to commodity is no longer an external one; he has rather internalised the very form of the commodity and the interior mould of his consciousness has been cast in the shape of a thing. The distinction between the capitalistic and the pre-capitalistic society is that between commodity as a universal and commodity as a particular. The universal is the essential form in which all its particular instances are cast and disclosed. The critical commonplace regarding the commodification of society refers to a stage in world-history when the universal soul is fashioned after the form of commodity. Matter, soul and their interrelations are reified, culminating, eventually, in the depersonalisation of economic relations and the reification of consciousness itself. Interpersonal relations were substituted by interrelations of commodities, which directed in upon themselves, spiralled into an uber-complex hyperweb that has cloaked human relations to the extent where it is impossible to percieve them amidst the fog of multilinear, multi-layered, and multidimensional movements of commodities. Human relations, in the form that they existed prior to the dawn of capitalism, are dead. Marx labelled this destructive beclouding of human relations as 'economic mystification.'
Commodity has become a category of consciousness. The latter has become a prisoner of the forms of commodity causing the descent of human subjectivity into reification. The evolution of the merchant's capital from a mere "intervening movement between extremes which it does not control and between premises which it does not create" to a universal category of society is the story of transformation of society from its barter stage to a capitalistic one. In the latter stage capital creates the premises and controls the conditions of its own production. In the antiquity and during the middle ages, there still subsisted in the conditions of production a kind of direct human communion, even though it be in the form of the relationship between the master and the serf. But with the all-comprehending realization of capital, the concealment of human relations has been rendered complete.
The human consciousness is endowed with capacity for impressionistic absorption where by the structure of commodity relations is impressed upon it with the substance and form of a weltanschaung. The consciousness then becomes the subjective manifestation of the commodity. This alienates man from the natural universe and his own original nature of immediate spiritual and physical activity. From this alienation emanates the conundrum of human condition wherein instead of being the proprietor of his own labour man is possessed by it; from it also stems man's divided socio-economic self wherein the man himself and his labour are two discrete and independent entities, undetermined and detached from each other.
The capitalist society thrives on the economic mystification of the commodity. "A commodity is a mysterious thing" because it takes on a life of its own; social relations get substituted by commodity relations; because the labour of man whose quality is blood, sweat, and tears is equalized by the commodific value of the product he creates; because commodities determine the socio-economic value of a man's time and work; because a commodity is an object of utility whose power extends beyond its utility for man, which, on the contrary, determines the utility of the man and his activity.
A commodity has two aspects: perceptible and imperceptible. The perceptible aspect lends to the commodity its spectacular quality imbued with deceitfulness But more pernicious still is its imperceptible aspect which evades all point-blank intelligibility and works its societal and psychological effects from over and under the radar of window displays. Its activity is subterranean in the figurative sense of subconscious forces which shape the impulse of the human conscious and the sovereign directive will of society. "It is only a definite social relation between men that assumes, in their eyes, the fantastic form of a relation between things." That mysterious quality of the commodity dwells in the relational character it comes to acquire in an exchange economy where man's activity is rendered a passive objective value and objects shed their passivity to acquire the selfsame economic agency of which man has been denuded. However, there is nothing fantastic about the palpably hard impact of commodity relations on human lives. The impact is hard partly through the fantastic form of these relations which appear so unaccountable and mysterious - a game of chess where human beings are pawns moved by the ineluctable force and logic of capital.
Man's labour is freed from his agency, realizes its sovereignty in the form of the commodity, and then begins to hold man in its sovereign thralldom. Man becomes bonded to his own labour whose product is only ontologically liberated from man's labouring self, but to which man is still tied by the umbilical cord of his economic need; tied up by questions of economic, social and spiritual survival. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is an extreme, but on multiple attributes, a competent metaphor cut out for commodity, especially from the all significant perspective of possessing agency and the potentiality to delimit its creator's freedom. Has man created a monster in the economic evolution of commodity?
How can man exist in relation to his own labour (and its concomitant product) in an unestranged mode? Heidegger's elucidation of the origin of the work of art is a revelation of such a relationship between the creator and his product. "The work, according to common understanding, springs out from and through the activity of the artist. But through what and from what is the artist what he is? Through the work; the saying that the work commends the master, says: The work first lets artist emerge as a master of art. The artist is the origin of the work. The work is the origin of the artist. Neither is without the other." This is remarkably similar to Pope John Paul the IInd's pronouncement upon work (albeit in theological and humanistic terms) in his Laborem Exercens: "As a person he works, he performs various actions belonging to the work process; independently of their objective content, these actions must all serve to realize his humanity, to fulfill the calling to be a person that is his by reason of his very humanity." Which in turn is remarkably similar to Hegel's theorization of the subject as one who realizes his content by "translating itself from the night of possibility into the day of actuality." Work is a way for man to realize himself. He constitutes himself as subject through self-activity. But the capitalistic society has witnessed an ontological reversal wherein man exists for work and not work for man.
In this new economy of exchange objects exceed their purposed boundaries. The self-activity of man transcends his self and becomes imbued with its own motivational spring and goes beyond him in the guise of an independent entity called commodity or the product of his labour. Just as the economy of commodification has alienated human beings from their true selves, objects too have acquired proclivities and powers alien to the one originally envisaged for them in an instinctive socio-economic order of things. In this economy of objects, it is human beings rather which fall to a mediating position between the objects and their environment; the two primary elements of the dialectical exchange are still the object and the environment (through the via media of persons). It is a political economy of objects and, hence, an economy of signs or a semiotic economy where use-value is a pretext, but not the reason, for the object to exist. The ontology of commodities 'exists' at two levels - the first and more obvious dimension is that of the luminous simulacrum, the salient ocular object (its raw evidentiary aspect); the second is the semiological level at which the socio-economic discourses surrounding the object are generated. The second dimension has a further twofold character: a primary or ostensible one and a secondary or real one. Depending on one's epistemology, the reality and the ostensibility of the semiotics at this level are two mutually exchangeable criteria, or rather, open to determination and allocation. The two parallel semiotics at work here pertain to the raw commerce of exchange economy circumscribing the object at the primary level and the economy of symbolic exchange of multiplex significations invested in the object at the secondary level. The production of goods in the consumerist society is not dictated by necessity; it is rather governed by laws inherent in the nature of commodity itself, thus, creating a phantom world of objects whose ineluctable force is nevertheless felt very palpably by individuals and societies. Man does not eventually remain unscathed from the influence of the commodification of the non-human world which comes home to roost by fetishizing human consciousness. The first step towards this reification of human subjectivity inheres in the commodification of man's activity, which, like a phantom Frankenstein is gifted by the market economy with the energy of disengaged (from the actor) economic motility. Man and his activity each stand over against the other, independent but reciprocal. They belong to each other in a relationship of reciprocity where the one trades in the worth of the other. The power of agency belongs equally to both, and given a situation of economic equivalence, the commodity can fetch the time and value of man's activity just as adequately as man can barter his labour for the commodity.
The political economy of capitalism is that of a materialist self-aggrandizement or a semiotics of prestation. Materialist self-aggrandizement is the unconstrained expansion of the capital as a manifestation of the grandiose expression of the self. This same self-grandiosity is mirrored at the micro level in the prestation or prestige-significations inhering in the commodities one chooses to consume; a choice reflective of the hierarchical function of the commodity and the consumer's comparative position in his society. It is in fact a necessary component of the logic of capitalism that commodities be invested with prestige significations that inscribe within the object the signature of the pre-existing capitalist social order; that commodities engraved with a mini-architectural impression of the social hierarchy be produced, reproduced, exchanged and consumed. It is a necessary part of the perpetuation and amplification of the status quo - an inertia intrinsic to the essential reproductive trait of all social states including the capitalist one. Prestration is an unpercieved dimension of marxist sociology unveiled by Baudrillard's semiological researches. Chanel, Baduet, and limited editions are some of the densest metaphors of prestration in contemporary society. This semiotic economics is a fundamental driver of the capitalist enterprise by whose agency objects perpetuate and multiply themselves through a process of infinite differentiation. The rallying cry of the prestrationist philosophy would be a negation of Shakespeare's fabled epigram, "That which we call rose would smell just as sweet by any other name." As the current expression has it, it's all in the name; it is either a Gucci or a Prada, or nothing. In fact, the latest advertisement of Jockey doing the rounds on Television communicates precisely this message of either this brand or none at all.
The primary driver of capitalism is the self-differentiating activity of the object. Social discourse transpires on a discriminatory basis analogous to language in Saussurean linguistics. Much the same as the functional value of commodities is a matter of economic necessity, their semiotic import is the collective product of the hierarchical interactions within the social order. Commodities acquire their significations in a relational chain of conception. Capitalism is an endlessly proliferating system like language in which the particular commodity gathers all of its significance from being situated in a comparative context populated with other commodities; the fetishistic worth of the object resides in its differential value with respect to the other objects surrounding it in the economy, rather than in some inner substance or intrinsic property of the object itself. It is what it is not which defines the object - its ontological difference from all the other objects in the totality. The basic function of the commodity is to differ. Operational here is the notion of differance with its Derridean furnishings of distinction, inequality and discernibility. The visibility/evidentiality/conspicuity of objects in an unequal economy of individuals is a critical marker of the consumerist discourse. The irony of the capitalist society is that it thrives on a discourse of nonidentity to perpetuate an order of the same. The statism of the order is secured by the entrenched base/root that holds erect the differentially fructifying socio-economic-politico-cultural superstructure.
It is an order of things that perdures by necessitating the unnecessary. "With its a, differance more properly refers to what in classical language would be called the origin or production of differences and the differences between differences, the play (jeu) of differences." In macroeconomic terms, the Marxist base would be that origin productive of differences in the economy of objects which go on self-differentiating ad-infinitum (in a language of historical semantics), generating differences between difference, to produce ever more homoousiae of the commodity; differences which return to constitute the subject in its self-differentiality, grafting an alien nature upon consciousness through the implanting of abstract differences imported from the commodity.
There can be no prescriptive closure to the order of things but their limits can be reset from the extremes of desire to the golden mean of necessity. Capitalism, however, is the discourse on the boundless production of productions themselves, culminating in the form of the fetish being abstracted from commodity and incorporated into consciousness. It is this abstract form of the commodity in consciousness that allows for the conception of commodity as a universal category enabling the "equal exchange of qualitatively different objects." The exchange, however, we know, is far from equal and commodification is an endeavour in equalization that is predominantly reinforced by the abstract violence of economic coercion. In such a context, human labour takes on a formal quality of equivalence that serves as the ratiocinative principle for the systematization of commodity values. This formal quality is a function of the reification of human subjectivity and the consequent isolation and atomisation of labour which masquerades itself in the name of emancipation or free labour. This labour is free in the reverse sense of a gift to the capitalist. The economics of labour is the epitome of precision as as its value is calculated to the nicety of decimal points of currency and moments. This level of abstraction of labour where its comparatizations and equalizations are a matter of inexorable and utmost accuracy reflects an advanced stage in capitalist production whose originary premise and quintessential product are both human labour in its objective existence.
The word of the dead
Not guilty was me,
the kuudan-yo screened,
presumed innocent Sina,
the stroke-knitted neiet
Would regret it?
My heart gray
What are you crying, what? -
Jääkukan edge
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